Short-Day Onion Plants begin the bulbing process when day length reaches 10-12 hours. When planted in the South during winter or early spring, they mature in approximately 110 days. In northern states, they mature in about 75 days when planted in late spring; however, they will not reach their full size potential. For optimal growth, planting as early as possible is recommended, as earlier planting results in larger onions. Short-Day Onions are best suited for latitudes between 25 and 35.